These gardens facilitated the academic study of plants. One of the earliest was the Padua botanical garden. They were forerunners of the first botanical gardens attached to universities, founded from the 1540s onwards. Medieval physic gardens, often attached to monasteries, contained plants possibly having medicinal benefit. īotany originated in prehistory as herbalism with the efforts of early humans to identify – and later cultivate – plants that were edible, poisonous, and possibly medicinal, making it one of the first endeavours of human investigation. Nowadays, botanists (in the strict sense) study approximately 410,000 species of land plants of which some 391,000 species are vascular plants (including approximately 369,000 species of flowering plants), and approximately 20,000 are bryophytes. Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word βοτάνη ( botanē) meaning " pasture", " herbs" " grass", or " fodder" βοτάνη is in turn derived from βόσκειν ( boskein), "to feed" or "to graze". A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. Botany, also called plant science( s), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology.
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